SYMPATHETIC VASCULAR TONE IN HUMAN OBESITY

Dissociation between sympathetic nerve traffic and sympathetically mediated vascular tone in normotensive human obesity.

Obesity increases the risk of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications. This has been partly attributed to increased sympathetic nerve activity, as assessed by microneurography and catecholamine assays. However, increased vasoconstriction in response to obesity-induced sympathoactivation has not been unequivocally demonstrated in obese subjects without hypertension. We evaluated sympat...

Endothelin contributes to basal vascular tone and endothelial dysfunction in human obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in clinical states of insulin resistance such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Individuals who have hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance have relatively elevated circulating levels of endothelin (ET)-1, suggesting that ET-1 may be important in the endothelial dysfunction and alterations of vascular tone in these conditions. In 8 lean subjects, 12 non...

Modulation of sympathetic vascular tone by prostaglandins in corticosterone-induced hypertension in rats.

1. In corticosterone-induced hypertension in rats the activity of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and its modulation by prostaglandins was studied. 2. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline were reduced if compared with those in normotensive control rats. 3. The sensitivity of the isolated perfused hind-limb preparation to noradrenaline was enhanced before blood pressure rose and incr...

Ethnic differences in insulinemia and sympathetic tone as links between obesity and blood pressure.

Hyperinsulinemia and increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are thought to be pathophysiological links between obesity and hypertension. In the present study, we examined the relation among heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and percent body fat (hydrodensitometry or DEXA), fasting plasma insulin concentration, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) in ma...

Effects of Insulin on Vascular Tone and Sympathetic Nervous System in NIDDM